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Until the 1890s the axe was the only tool used for cutting in the Adirondacks. The best axemen were assigned to cutting large hemlocks in the summer. In the fall, when the sap stopped flowing, axemen began cutting spruce, pine, and balsam. An average of seventy
logs cut each day was considered good for a "chopper."
Crosscut saws began to be used in the late 1800s. Two experienced men with a crosscut saw could cut 100 trees a day, six days a week.
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